How to run compiled-language source code files as executable scripts

Hash-bang/shebang examples for a variety of languages, to run them as executable files

You can run even compiled languages as though they were executable scripts.

Here are the necessary hash-bang lines I like to use as the first line at the top of my programs, in order to make this possible:

1. For C (compiled) (technically: gnu C as I’ve specified it below):

    ///usr/bin/env ccache gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror -O3 -std=gnu17 "$0" -o /tmp/a -lm && /tmp/a "$@"; exit
   

2. For C++ (compiled) (technically: gnu++ as I’ve specified it below):

    ///usr/bin/env ccache g++ -Wall -Wextra -Werror -O3 -std=gnu++17 "$0" -o /tmp/a -lm && /tmp/a "$@"; exit
   

   For C and C++, ccache helps ensure your compiling is a little more efficient. Install it in Ubuntu with sudo apt update && sudo apt install ccache.

3. For Go (compiled) (golang)

    ///usr/bin/env go run "$0" "$@"; exit
   

   …and for more explanations of the lines above, see my other answer here: What’s the appropriate Go shebang line?

4. For Rust (compiled)

    ///usr/bin/env rustc "$0" -o /tmp/a && /tmp/a "$@"; exit
   

   Extra help:

   1. Install Rust: https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install

       curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
      

   2. The official “Rusty By Example” online book “hello world” example: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/rust-by-example/hello.html
5. For Bash (interpreted)

    #!/usr/bin/env bash
   

6. For Python (interpreted)

    #!/usr/bin/env python3
   

Prefix with time if you wish

If you’d like to time the compilation time, add bash -c time near the beginning of the hash-bang, as follows. Here is an example for C++ (technically gnu++17 as I’ve written it):

///usr/bin/env bash -c time ccache g++ -Wall -Wextra -Werror -O3 -std=gnu++17 "$0" -o /tmp/a -lm && /tmp/a "$@"; exit

Now you can mark the files as executables and run them directly!

# make executable
chmod +x hello_world.c      # C
chmod +x hello_world.cpp    # C++
chmod +x hello_world.go     # Go
chmod +x hello_world.rs     # Rust
chmod +x hello_world.sh     # Bash
chmod +x hello_world.py     # Python

# run
cd path/to/dir/containing/these/files
./hello_world.c      # C
./hello_world.cpp    # C++
./hello_world.go     # Go
./hello_world.rs     # Rust
./hello_world.sh     # Bash
./hello_world.py     # Python

References:

1. You can see and run the above several usages of shebangs for a variety of languages in my eRCaGuy_hello_world repo.
   1. Look for the files named language/hello_world* or language/hello*.
   2. Ex: for C: c/hello_world_extra_basic.c
2. Shebang starting with //?
3. [my answer] What’s the appropriate Go shebang line?

I also posted this as an answer on Stack Overflow here: Run C or C++ file as a script.